Frequency of Left Bundle Branch Block in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar

Abstract

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency and clinical significance of left bundle branch block (LBBB) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) admitted to the Department of Cardiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar.

Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, from 18th April 2025 to 18th October 2025, including 101 patients aged 40 to 75 years with angiographically confirmed CAD. Consecutive sampling was used to enroll participants. Clinical data were collected through structured proformas, and electrocardiographic evaluation was used to identify LBBB, defined as QRS duration >120 ms with characteristic morphology. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics summarized demographics, and chi-square and t-tests assessed associations, while logistic regression identified predictors of heart failure hospitalization.

Results: Of the 101 patients, 55 were males (54.5%) and 46 were females (45.5%), with a mean age of 58.4 ± 8.3 years. The prevalence of LBBB was 48.5% (n=49). Hypertension was found in 53.5% and diabetes in 48.5% of patients. Patients with LBBB were significantly older (p=0.015) and had higher BMI (p=0.029). Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between LBBB and hypertension (p=0.023). Logistic regression revealed LBBB (OR=2.12, p=0.027) and hypertension (OR=1.93, p=0.034) as independent predictors of heart failure hospitalization.

Conclusion: Nearly half of CAD patients exhibited LBBB, which was significantly associated with hypertension, older age, and increased risk of heart failure hospitalization. Early recognition of LBBB may improve patient management and prognosis. Larger multicenter studies are recommended to validate these findings.

Keywords: Left Bundle Branch Block; Coronary Artery Disease; Hypertension; Heart Failure; Electrocardiography