Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, Swat, Pakistan, and to identify the associated sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April 12, 2025, and October 12, 2025, with 190 ACS patients enrolled. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), with a score greater than 17 indicating depression. Anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), with a score greater than 0 indicating anxiety. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests to examine associations between psychological conditions and sociodemographic factors.

Results: The study revealed that 44% of ACS patients had depression, and 42% exhibited anxiety. The mean age of patients was 51.7 years (SD = 12.3), and 63% of the participants were male. Significant associations were found between depression and older age (p-value = 0.03), with 58% of patients in the 46-60 age group showing depression. Diabetes and smoking were also linked to higher rates of depression and anxiety. The chi-square test revealed a significant relationship between age and depression (chi2 = 6.74, p-value = 0.03).

Conclusion: The study highlights the high prevalence of depression and anxiety among ACS patients in Pakistan, underscoring the need for integrated mental health care in cardiovascular treatment. Early screening and intervention for psychological distress in ACS patients are essential to improve patient outcomes. Future studies should explore the effectiveness of combined physical and mental health interventions.

Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome, Depression, Anxiety, Comorbidities, Mental Health