Association of Lipoprotein A, a Predisposing Risk Factor for In-stent Restenosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55958/jcvd.v18i2.89Keywords:
Lipoprotein A, in-stent restenosis, predisposing factor, Diabetes mellitus, Cardio-vascular disease.Abstract
Abstract
Elevated plasma lipoprotein (A) concentration is considered as a predisposing risk factor for cardiovascular disease and in-stent restenosis. Lipoprotein (A) is a lipoprotein with an LDL-like particle that contains Apo-lipoprotein B100 and is associated with cardiovascular complications. The most prevalent complication associated with percutaneous coronary intervention is in-stent restenosis.In-stent Restenosis affected 40% of all angioplasties in the pre-stent era, then 28% in the (BMS) era. Furthermore, the introduction of (DES) second generation and drug-coated balloons has further reduced restenosis rates to less than 10%. The aim of this review paper is to investigate the clinical association of Lipoprotein (A) concentration in the occurrence of in-stent restenosis. Our paper possesses some limitations Firstly, it does not explain how lipoprotein concentrations are established. Secondly, the mechanism underlying the lipoprotein (A) lowering effect of current therapy.
Keywords: Lipoprotein A, in-stent restenosis, predisposing factor, Diabetes mellitus, Cardio-vascular disease.
References
Tsimikas S, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Gouni-Berthold I, Tardif J-C, Baum SJ, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, et al. Lipoprotein(a) Reduction in Persons with Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(3):244–55.
Kamitani T, Taniguchi T, Miyai N, Kawasaki T. Association Between Plasma Lipoprotein ( a ) Concentration. 2005;644–9.
Park SH, Rha SW, Choi BG, Park JY, Jeon U, Seo HS, et al. Impact of high lipoprotein(a) levels on in-stent restenosis and long-term clinical outcomes of angina pectoris patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents in Asian population. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2015;42(6):588–95.
Rashidi B, Hoseini Z, Sahebkar A, Mirzaei H. Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Vitamins D and E in Suppression of Atherogenesis. J Cell Physiol. 2017;232(11):2968–76.
Wihanda D, Alwi I, Yamin M, Shatri H, Mudjaddid E. Factors Associated with In-stent Restenosis in Patients Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Acta Med Indones. 2015;47(3):209–15.
Wang JL, Qin Z, Wang ZJ, Shi DM, Liu YY, Zhao YX, et al. New predictors of in-stent restenosis in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2018;15(2):137–45.
Lee MS, Banka G. In-stent Restenosis. Interv Cardiol Clin [Internet]. 2016;5(2):211–20. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iccl.2015.12.006
Pleva L, Kukla P, Hlinomaz O. Treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis: A systematic review. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2018;15(2):173–84.
He WJ, Zhou Y, Liu JX, Liu J. Association of baseline high-density lipoprotein levels with restenosis after coronary stenting: A meta-analysis. Coron Artery Dis. 2013;24(5):386–91.
Qin S yu, Liu J, Jiang H xing, Hu B li, Zhou Y, Olkkonen VM. Association between baseline lipoprotein (a) levels and restenosis after coronary stenting: Meta-analysis of 9 cohort studies. Atherosclerosis [Internet]. 2013;227(2):360–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.014
Qin Z, Zhou K, Li YP, Wang JL, Cheng WJ, Hu CP, et al. Remnant lipoproteins play an important role of in-stent restenosis in type 2 diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A single-centre observational cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol [Internet]. 2019;18(1):1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-019-0819-z
Byrne RA, Joner M, Kastrati A. Stent thrombosis and restenosis: What have we learned and where are we going? the Andreas Grüntzig Lecture ESC 2014. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(47):3320–31.
Kim MS, Dean LS. In-Stent Restenosis. Cardiovasc Ther. 2011;29(3):190–8.
Waldmann E, Parhofer KG. Thematic review series: Lipoprotein (a): Coming of age at last Lipoprotein apheresis to treat elevated lipoprotein (a)1. J Lipid Res [Internet]. 2016;57(10):1751–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R056549
Tsimikas S, Gordts PLSM, Nora C, Yeang C, Witztum JL. Statin therapy increases lipoprotein(a) levels. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(24):2275–84.
Liu J, Liu Y, Jia K, Huo Z, Huo Q, Liu Z, et al. Clinical analysis of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 in patients with in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Med (United States). 2018;97(17).
Kronenberg F. Human Genetics and the Causal Role of Lipoprotein(a) for Various Diseases. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2016;30(1):87–100.
Zhao S, Xu J-J, Jiang L-Q, Chu Z-L, Tao A-Q, Jin L, et al. Occurrence and predictive risk factors associated with in-stent restenosis after drug-eluting stent implantation in diabetic patients: a prospective, clinical cohort study. 2020.
Jing XD, Wei XM, Deng SB, Du JL, Liu YJ, She Q. The relationship between the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and coronary in-stent restenosis. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2015;446:248–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2015.04.038
Malaguarnera M, Vacante M, Russo C, Malaguarnera G, Antic T, Malaguarnera L, et al. 650989. Drug Data Rep. 2009;31(3):308.
Shigematsu S, Takahashi N, Hara M, Yoshimatsu H, Saikawa T. Increased incidence of coronary in-stent restenosis in type 2 diabetic patients is related to elevated serum malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein. Circ J. 2007;71(11):1697–702.
Abhyankar A, Sandhu MS, Polavarapu RS. Twelve-month comparative analysis of clinical outcomes using biodegradable polymer–coated everolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer–coated everolimus-eluting stents in all-comer patients. Indian Heart J [Internet]. 2019;71(2):149–54. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2019.04.013
Qin Z, Zheng FW, Zeng C, Zhou K, Geng Y, Wang JL, et al. Elevated levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol independently associated with in-stent restenosis in diabetic patients after drug-eluting stent implantation. Chin Med J (Engl). 2017;130(19):2326–32.
Florentin M, Elisaf MS, Rizos C V., Nikolaou V, Bilianou E, Pitsavos C, et al. l-Carnitine/Simvastatin Reduces Lipoprotein (a) Levels Compared with Simvastatin Monotherapy: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Lipids. 2017;52(1).
Palareti G, Legnani C, Cosmi B, Antonucci E, Erba N, Poli D, et al. Comparison between different D-Dimer cutoff values to assess the individual risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: Analysis of results obtained in the DULCIS study. Vol. 38, International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. 2016. 42–49 p.
Wang X, Love PED, Kim MJ, Park CS, Sing CP, Hou L. A conceptual framework for integrating building information modeling with augmented reality. Autom Constr [Internet]. 2013;34:37–44. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.10.012
